OUTLINE
OF PROPOSAL THESIS
NAME : St.
Shofia Munawaroh
NIM :
16112210021
MAJOR : Tadris
Bahasa Inggris (TBIG’16)
TITLE : The
effectiveness of picture media in teaching speaking skil of
descriptive things at the tenth grade students of SMA Darussalam
in academic year 2019/2020
BACKGROUND :
Language is the expression of human personality in
the world, whether written or spoken. Language is the main means of
communication used in social interaction within a community. Most of men’s
activities are done by using language. People teach and learn through language,
sell and buy a thing through language. People also speak and listen to others
through language. In short, social interaction tends to involve language.
Language then, is very important thing in our life. Without language, we
certainly can not communicate one another properly.
English is agreeable as the first priority for
communication in international relations. It is not something exclusive since
the role of English is very important in many sectors such as; science,
technology, business, and by mastering English, it will be easy for someone to
adjust himself or herself to the world advancement. For the sake of better
English mastery, countries in the world including Indonesia, have set up
English as a part of their national curriculum especially for Junior High
School, Senior High School, and University students.
In Indonesia English is a foreign
or second language. The Indonesian government explicitly emphasizes that the
aim of teaching and learning of English in Indonesia is to make the students
have a good speaking ability in order to achieve the objectives of English
teaching and learning as stated in the current curriculum.It has been a main
subject for students in elementary until senior high school levels. English is
essential to be taught for the younger people, for this case; students from the
beginner up to senior high school. In developing the students’ ability in
mastering English, it cannot be separated from speaking mastery, because it can
be a measurement of students, understand in English.
According to School-Based Curriculum, the English
teaching and learning in Senior High
School is aimed to develop students’ communicative competence. Therefore,
students need to be able to comprehend and produce spoken and written texts
which consist of four language skills: listening, speaking, reading and
writing. Among those four skills, speaking is seen as the most difficult. As
Brown (2007) states, speaking is also considered as the most difficult and
challenging skill to be mastered.
English has been a subject at Indonesian schools
since a long time ago. Since then, many problems have been rising up within the
process of teaching and learning in the class. These problems can be the
students’ boredom, less participation, low interest, and demotivated towards
English. Such conditions, however end with dissatisfied result of teaching and
learning English.
SMA Darussalam is one of school in Banyuwangi which applied
islamic boarding school or
pesantren system. This is a unique school in
Banyuwangi which settled down the curriculum 2013 but established the Islamic
boarding system. In Islamic boarding system, all of the students must live in
the dormitory in pesantren,
boarding house a system to build their disciplines. The specialty of this
school is the media to teach is important
because it may give a significant impact in teaching learning process,
especially in teaching English skills that had been conducted in some schools. One of a good media is pictures media may also create an interesting situation in the
classroom of
using picture media in
teaching speaking skill. Teachers
use the pictures media in any
techniques or activities in order to meet the goal of speaking. Pictures are a
very valuable resource as they provide a shared experience in the classroom, a
need for common language forms to use in the classroom, a variety of tasks, and
a focus of interest for students (Raimes, 1983). All of the teacher use
picture media in delivering the lessons. It makes the students learn fastly how
to speak english fluency by
using picture media. But
in the fact most of them do not
have any bravery to speak English, even they basically can do that and used picture media. They are afraid of making mistakes and
being laughed by their friends because of that, they really dislike to practice
and describe the picture in front of the
class even a simple one. They are speechless when they are asked to read or to
pronounce even a simple sentence or a word of English. In other words, the
students of this school have a crisis of self-confidence in English.
Because of that, the researcher was interested to
conduct a nonexperimental
quantitative research in teaching his students’ speaking ability with the title “The effectiveness
of picture media in teaching speaking skil of descriptive things at the tenth
grade students of SMA Darussalam in academic year 2019/2020”
RESEARCH
PROBLEM :
1.
Do the
students get suitable methods or technique in speaking lesson?
2.
Do The effectiveness of picture media in teaching
speaking skil of descriptive things at the tenth grade students of SMA
Darussalam in academic year 2019/2020?
RESEARCH
OBJECTIVE :
The general purposes of this research are to find
out the effectiveness of
picture media in teaching speaking skil of descriptive things at the tenth
grade students of SMA Darussalam in academic year 2019/2020.
Furthermore, the purposes can particularly be formulated as follows is to know
what the effectiveness of
picture media in teaching speaking skil of descriptive things.
HYPOTHESIS
1. The students get suitable methods or technique in
speaking lesson
2. The
students who are use picture can improve more their speaking skill than
those who are not use picture media.
RESEARCH
SIGNIFICANCES
The research result is expected to be useful for the
following people: the English teacher, the students, and other researchers.
1.
For the English Teacher
The result of the research is expected to give an input to
the English teacher to apply picture in teaching speaking skill that can help
and motivate the student in learning speaking and improve their speaking skill in
descriptive things. It can also motivate teachers to find a new method or
technique which is appropriate in teaching speaking. It also encourages the
teachers to develop their creativity in teaching teaching learning process. In addition, the
teacher’s capability to conduct the teaching and learning activity is improved
as a result the teaching and learning activity can run well.
2.
For the Students
The result of the research is expected to give the student’s
learning experience by using picture to motivate them in learning speaking so
that they can improve their English speaking in
descriptive things.
3.
For the Other Researchers
The result of the reasearch is expected to be useful for
other researchers as a reference to conduct a further research dealing with the
teaching of speaking by using picture in different research design, such as nonexperimental
quantitative
research for improving the student’s speaking skill by using picture.
ASSUMPTION,
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF RESEARCH
The assumption is there is difference in the result of
learning speaking between student who are taught using picture and those who
are taught speaking without picture.
The researcher scope her research about the word “The effectiveness of picture media in teaching speaking
skil of descriptive things at the tenth grade students of SMA Darussalam in
academic year 2019/2020”. The limitation that are experienced by the researcher are
about matter of time given to the researcher is tough too short to get perfect,
lack of expert who can be met by researcher and lack of references of book gotten to support this
research.
DEFINITION
OF KEY TERM
To
clarify and to avoid misunderstanding of the terms and content of the study, it
is necessary to define the key terms bellow:
1. Picture
Wright
(1989) says that pictures are not just an aspect of
method but through their representation of places, objects, and people they are
an essential part of the overall experiences the teacher must help their
students to cope with.
2. Speaking
As
Brown (2007) states, speaking is also considered as the most difficult and
challenging skill to be mastered.
3. Descriptive
Description
is a genre which has social function to describe a particular person, place or
thing.
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE :
a. The definition
of Picture
Based on Dictionary picture is a visual representation of a
person, object, or scene, as a painting, drawing, photograph, etc. Pictures which are used to teach such as picture,
picture series and so on. Wright (1988) states that pictures are very important
in helping students to retell expreriences or understand something since they
can represent place, object, people, etc.
b. The definition
of Speaking
River (1978:6) states that speaking is developed
from the first contact with the language that we learn. Richard and Rodger,
(1982:72) state that speaking activities which involve real communication
promote learning. Moreover Freeman (2000:127) states that teacher is
responsible to establish situations likely to promote communication
c. The definition
of Descriptive
Descriptive Text is a
text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe
and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. Specific
participant has a certain object, is not common and unique (only one). For example: Bandengan beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle Jim. The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun (noun) for
example, be used for the following expression: a beautiful beach, a handsome
man, the famous place in Jepara, etc. Use the
present tense sentence patterns simple sentence patterns used are simple
present for telling the facts of object descriptions
d. Previous
Study
A study conducted by by Rochmah found out that pictures give a good
effect on the students’ reading of texts. The students are helped in the
comprehension of the main idea. Azhari conducted an action research to the
third year students of SMPN 18 Malang. He proved that the students’ writing
skill had made an improvement after implementing the pictures as instructional
media in writing activities.
Then, Anshori also conducted a study on cue cards to increase the
students’ speaking ability. The subjects were the second grade students of SMPN
2 Pracimantoro, Surakarta. The students were satisfied and responded positively
with the developed procedure. The other study was conducted by Susilowati. She conducted a
classroom action research with the title “Using Cue Cards technique in
Improving the Speaking Skill of the Eight Grade Students at SMPN 3 Balikpapan.”
The result showed that the use of cue card tecnique had succeded in improving
the students’ speaking ability.
RESEARCH
DESIGN :
The method used in this research was
quantitative research focused on improving speaking skill using series of
picture. In this research, survey research is employed to find out the effectiveness of picture media in teaching student’s
speaking English in
descriptive things. Survey research is one of
components in nonexperimental quantitative research.
POPULATION AND SAMPLE :
Population is
defined as all members of any well defined class of people, events, or objects. The population of this
research is the tenth grade
students at SMA Darussalam in academic year 2019/2020. There are 4 classes for
the tenth grade students of the school. Each class contains more or less 25
students.
The small group that is observed is
called a sample. The researcher need technique to defined the sample through
sampling. Sampling is indispensable to the researcher. Sampling comes to your
aid by enabling you to research a portion of the population rather than the
intire population. In this case, the researcher use Purposive sampling. Purposive
sampling (also known as judgment, selective or subjective sampling) is a
sampling technique in which researcher relies on his or her own judgment when
choosing members of population to participate in the study. Purposive
sampling is a non-probability
sampling method and it occurs when “elements selected for the sample are chosen
by the judgment of the researcher. So in
this case, the researcher choose the sample for this research is the all students of tenth grade from
language class that contains more or less 25 students.
INSTRUMENT
OF THE RESEARCH :
Research instruments are
tools developed by researchers to achieved their stated objectives when
carrying out a research study. In other words, research instruments are
designed tools that aid the collection of data for the purpose of analysis.
There are several type of research instruments, these
include Questionnaire which include structured and
unstructured.
TECHNIQUE OF COLLECTING DATA :
Instrument
is implementation or a piece of appartus used by the researcher in collecting
the data. The Instruments of data collection used by the researcher were
distributing questionare. The following are the explanation of questionare,
validity of the instrument, and also reliability of the instrument.
a. Questionnare
Once
the overall research question has been determined, the next task is to
construct an instrument that will provide the desired information. Because
survey data consist of people’s responses to individual questions, it is
essential to start with good question. In this research, the researcher used closed-ended
question.
b. Validity of the Instruments
Attention
should be given to the validity of the questionares that is, whether they are
really measuring what they are supposed to measure. Validity is a measure that shows the validity of a
research instrument. Instruments are valid if the instrument can use to measure
what you want to measure. To measure the validity of the instrument,
researchers used a formula korelasi product moment or Korelasi
Pearson, are:[1]
rxy = 
Where:
rxy = correlation coefficient
n =
the number of respondents
X = score for each item
Y = score of all items of the questionnare
c. Reliability of the Instruments
Reliability
is the degree of consistency with which it measures whetever it is measuring. A reliable instrument is that an instrument when used
several times to measure the same object will produce the same data.
The researcher only distribute the questionnare in one time. Dealing with that,
the reliability of this instrument using the Cronbach Alpha
formula:[2]
r = 
Where:
r = instrument reliability
k = number of questions
⅀ơb² =
number of item variants
Vt² = total variant
An instrument has a high level if the value of reliability r > 0,6.
Table
1.2
The value of Reliability Coefficient
|
No. |
Reliability
Coefficient |
Category |
|
1 |
0,800 -
1,000 |
Very High |
|
2 |
0,600 –
0,799 |
High |
|
3 |
0,400 –
0,599 |
Fair |
|
4 |
0,200 –
0,399 |
Low |
|
5 |
0,00 –
0,199 |
Very Low |
DATA ANALYSIS :
Survey do not require complex statistical analysis. Data
analysis may simply consist of determining the frequencies and precentages of
responses for the questions of the research.[3]
Statistic descriptive are used in this research to find out mean, median, and
mode value. After that,the researcher determining the frequencies of the data
using index formula which calculate each categories as follow[4]:
P = 
× 100%
Note:
P : The
symbol of percentage
: The total amount of calculating each
categories and scoring each items
: The total amount of ideal score
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